2 The "By Reason of Shareholding" Causation Test

dakar afro-cuban jazz, sitar bubblegum dance, electro-alternative r&b · 3:17

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Lyrics

[Verse 1]
When benefits flow to shareholders, the question we must ask
Was it given by reason of their shares, or for some other task?
The founder-operator wears so many hats each day
Employee, officer, and owner too - which role led the way?

[Chorus]
By reason of shareholding, that's the test we need
Not employee compensation, not operational deed
The CRA must prove causation, isolate the chain
When genuine business purpose shows, their case goes down the drain

[Verse 2]
A sole founder makes decisions in multiple roles at once
The same person, different capacities - courts won't play that hunts
If the arrangement serves the business, has operational aim
The shareholding causation breaks, disrupting CRA's claim

[Chorus]
By reason of shareholding, that's the test we need
Not employee compensation, not operational deed
The CRA must prove causation, isolate the chain
When genuine business purpose shows, their case goes down the drain

[Bridge]
Search CanLII for the cases, section fifteen benefit
Owner-manager operational, where courts have made their split
Tax Court precedents are clear, actual proof required
Shareholding must be the reason, or the case gets fired

[Verse 3]
The analytical question haunts every founder's mind
Can causation be isolated when roles are intertwined?
Courts demand the Crown demonstrate the benefit's true source
Operational purposes can change the legal course

[Chorus]
By reason of shareholding, that's the test we need
Not employee compensation, not operational deed
The CRA must prove causation, isolate the chain
When genuine business purpose shows, their case goes down the drain

[Outro]
Multiple hats, one person's head
Causation's what the law has said
By reason of those shares you hold
Or business purpose takes control

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