[Verse 1] Doctor holds a coil above your head Magnetic pulses through your skull instead Of cutting brain tissue like before We zap the cortex through an open door No surgery needed, just a gentle hum Creating virtual lesions, here they come Transcranial stimulation, that's the name Disrupting neurons in this research game [Chorus] TMS shows us causal links so clear When motion vanishes, hMT's the gear V1 gets zapped, phosphenes appear Chronometry tells us when circuits steer Transient disruption, then it's gone Causal necessity, the proof lives on [Verse 2] Point the coil at visual area one Flickering lights dance, the show's begun Phosphenes sparkle in your visual field Masking stimuli that once were revealed Time the pulses just before you see We'll map the moment when V1 runs free Surface cortex only, can't go deep Centimeter patches, that's what we reap [Chorus] TMS shows us causal links so clear When motion vanishes, hMT's the gear V1 gets zapped, phosphenes appear Chronometry tells us when circuits steer Transient disruption, then it's gone Causal necessity, the proof lives on [Verse 3] Target hMT plus, watch motion die Moving dots stand still before your eye The waterfall effect just disappears Proving what we've suspected all these years This patch of cortex makes the world flow Without it working, motion doesn't show Human subjects, healthy and intact Virtual lesions prove the causal fact [Bridge] Correlation whispers, causation shouts TMS removes all reasonable doubts Spatially coarse but temporally tight Millisecond timing gets the sequence right Ethics smile because it's not for keeps Reversible lesions while the subject sleeps [Verse 4] Single pulses or a rapid train Either way we interrupt the brain Double dissociation is the goal Each region playing its specific role BOLD signals tell us correlation TMS brings causal demonstration From the scanner to the magnet chair We build the map of what happens where [Chorus] TMS shows us causal links so clear When motion vanishes, hMT's the gear V1 gets zapped, phosphenes appear Chronometry tells us when circuits steer Transient disruption, then it's gone Causal necessity, the proof lives on [Outro] Magnetic coil above the visual brain Proving causation without lasting pain From correlation to the causal truth TMS provides the scientific proof [Final Chorus] TMS shows us causal links so clear When motion vanishes, hMT's the gear V1 gets zapped, phosphenes appear Chronometry tells us when circuits steer Transient disruption, then it's gone Causal necessity, the proof lives on
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